Photographing system for producing VR editing

ABSTRACT

This device for taking spherical pictures of a scene comprising a support ( 1, 2 ) provided with securement means ( 3 ) for a picture taking apparatus. 
     This support can be on the one hand relatively rotatable about a substantially vertical axis ( 12 ) relative to the photographed scene and on the other hand the securement means ( 3 ) being movable in rotation relative to a substantially horizontal axis. 
     Moreover, it is provided with means ( 1 ) permitting suspending it above the scene to be photographed. This suspended device can also comprise a support ( 1, 2 ) provided with securement means ( 17 ) for several photographic devices, these devices being adapted to be all oriented toward a point on the scene to be photographed and the support ( 1, 2 ) being adapted to be relatively rotatable about a substantially vertical axis ( 12 ) relative to the scene to be photographed.

The present invention relates to a device for taking three-dimensionalviews, that can be adapted more particularly to the production of VR(Virtual Reality) editions. VR editing is a computer process accordingto which the shots are subjected to digital processing for theirvisualization on a computer with the help of visualization or “viewer”software, which gives the illusion of a three-dimensional representationof the photographed reality. These three-dimensional editions are thusconstructed from real photographic images, which distinguishes them from3D digital images called synthesis images. It is a recent technique, thefirst VR presentations dating from the 1990s.

At present, there are known two types of VR editing: panoramic andobject.

Panoramic VR is a digital representation in three dimensions of a spacewhich is visualized on a computer screen and with which one can interactwith the help of visualization or “viewer” software which simulates animmersion and a development in this space. Panoramic VR is constructedfrom a fixed panoramic image of the represented space. This panoramicimage can cover up to 360° by 360° for spherical visualization of thespace. This panoramic image can be digitally processed so as to bevisualized in three dimensions with the help of visualization software.

The mechanical means for taking shots used to produce a panorama is apanoramic head. This panoramic head is a rotatable support for apparatusfor taking views, permitting being able to pivot the apparatus about anaxis passing through the nodal point of the object. In general, thepanoramic head is graduated or notched such that the apparatus can beplaced in position with sufficient precision for each shot.

The VR object is a digital representation in three dimensions of anobject which is visualized on a computer and with which one can interactto manipulate it with the help of so-called “viewer” software. The VRobject is constructed from a spherical series of shots of an object,namely a series of shots taken at multiple angles of view of the object.These shots are digitally processed and compiled in a single file. Theuser can manipulate and see the object up to 360° by 360°.

At present, the mechanical means commonly used for taking thethree-dimensional views necessary for the production of a VR object, isan object rig. FIGS. 36 and 37 show two examples of object rigs. Thisequipment is comprised by two elements:

a turning support 102 on which the object rests, combined with

a support 103 for the view-taking apparatus. This support for theapparatus for taking views permits placing the view-taking apparatus inseveral positions along a regular curve about the arc of a circle (or anelliptical arc) and the objective of the apparatus is oriented, nomatter what its position along the curve, toward a focal point locatedon the axis of rotation of the photographed object.

This apparatus support is generally comprised by a verticallyoscillating arm 102, fixed to a base fixed to the floor; saidoscillating arm carries and drives the view-taking apparatus along a rodsuch that its objective will always be turned toward a focal pointlocated on the virtual axis of rotation of the object. The combinationof the horizontally rotating movement of the object on its rotatableplate and of the vertical rotating movement of the view-taking apparatuson the oscillating arm, permits taking shots over all the horizontal andvertical angles defined for the production and compilation of the VRfile. There are also found such supports in the form of a curved armfixed to the floor, which arm is provided with a movable securementsystem for photographic apparatus which permits, by moving it along thecurved arm, giving the vertical movement of rotation and inclination tothe apparatus.

It will be seen that the construction of a VR object photographed withthe help of this equipment has numerous drawbacks:

the object must be held such that it can turn about itself, it is thusnecessarily disassociated from its environment.

as a result of this, to have a correct representation of the VR object,it is necessary to isolate the object from all the original shots beforecompilation, so as to avoid showing the rotating support and the fixedenvironment of the object. This manipulation is laborious.

The device according to the invention has for its object to overcomethese drawbacks and to propose a system to produce a third type of VRimages based on digital editions called VR objects.

To this end, the device according to the invention proposes combiningthe effects of panoramic VR shots with the effects of object VR shots,and, moreover, it is provided to permit the user if desiredsimultaneously to use several view-taking devices.

The invention thus proposes a device for producing spherical shots of ascene comprising a support provided with securement means for thephotographic apparatus, this support being adapted to be in movement ofrelative rotation about a substantially vertical axis relative to thephotographed scene, and on the other hand the securement means beingmovable in rotation relative to a substantially horizontal axis,characterized in that it is provided with means permitting suspending itabove the scene to be photographed.

It also proposes a device for the production of spherical photographs ofa scene, characterized in that it comprises a support provided withsecurement means for several view-taking devices, these devices beingadapted to all be directed toward a point on the scene to bephotographed and the support being adapted to move in relative rotationabout a substantially vertical axis relative to the photographed scene,and in that it is provided with means permitting suspending it above thescene to be photographed.

Thus the present invention proposes an equipment-object apparatussupport suspended at at least one point above the scene to bephotographed and which does not rest fixedly on the floor. In a studio,for example, the object is placed in a turning plate, isolated from therest of the view by natural partitions of its presentation. Theview-taking system is immersed in the assembly of the environmentwithout hindering the movement of rotation of the plate nor beingaffected by this rotative movement.

In one embodiment of the invention, the device is mounted pivotallyabout a vertical axis, the scene to be photographed remaining fixed. Theassembly of the view-taking system thus turns about the object by meansof a system of rotation. Thus, the apparatus support for theequipment-object is fixed to a point of rotation which is disposed abovethe object or the scene to be photographed. This system can be embodiedin at least one carrying arm provided with a securement system for thephotographic apparatus such that the shape of the arm combined with theshape of the components of the securement system, permits placing theapparatus used suitably for taking VR object shots.

The advantage of the point of rotation being disposed above the objectis that the device according to the invention permits taking views ofthe object by turning the assembly of the view-taking system about theobject without any structure of the system appearing in the photographicfield. This was not possible with rotation guided from the floor.

The support has for example a carrying arm bent in substantiallycircular or elliptical arc shape, disposed in a vertical plane. In thiscase, the support if desired has a counterweight balancing the carryingarm relative to the suspension means.

In one embodiment, it can be provided that the securement means aremovable along a guide rail in the form of an arc of a circle disposed ina vertical plane. In another embodiment, the securement means aremounted for example on an arm oscillating about a substantiallyhorizontal axis, this arm being mounted on the support.

Preferably, the suspension means are also provided with means permittingvarying the height and/or inclination of the device.

As the assembly of the device according to the invention can be ofrelatively great weight, it can be provided that the support has meansfor bearing on the floor.

A device according to the invention permits having a representation ofthe object and of the space in which it is located. As to this, there isa combination of the object VR effects and panorama VR effects. Theviewing software thus permits moving about the object whilst seeing thepanorama of the space which it surrounds unfold.

In addition to this substantial gain as to representation, the systemaccording to the invention permits gains of productivity by avoiding thelong work of moving about the photographed object.

Moreover, the device according to the invention permits if desired usingsimultaneously several photographic devices: time is thus saved duringshooting, which permits the spherical photography of living models aswell as gains in productivity.

It should be noted that there are already object VR editions shown in anenvironment. But these editions appear on only a single setting and theenvironments are added with the help of computer means and are providedwith the help of synthetic images.

According to particular embodiments and additional developments of theinvention:

As an additional development of the invention, the arm or arms areanchored to a support provided with a system of rotation permittingturning the system about a virtual axis passing through the focal pointof the object VR camera. Thus it is the assembly of the photographicsystem which turns about the object.

In the case of movement of rotation of the securement means of aphotographic apparatus relative to a substantially horizontal axis, thishorizontal axis cuts the vertical axis of rotation of the devicerelative to the scene to be photographed at the focal point of thecamera.

The support can be rigid, flexible or articulated. It can be adjustablein height so as to be able freely to adjust the position and the heightof this photographic system. Without excluding other technicalsolutions, it can be simply a matter of a carrying axle ensuring boththe role of support and the role of the element of the system ofrotation, but it can also be a matter for example of a simple plate oran articulated end or telescopic arm.

The rotation system can be ensured as desired and without restriction byan axle, a pivot, a ball joint or a circular guide such as a disc or arail . . . (this list is neither exhaustive nor exclusive). In the caseof an axle, it will preferably be hollow to let pass all the necessarysupply or connection wires.

The system of rotation of the arm can be provided with a systempermitting giving another movement than a circular movement to the arm.For example, an arm provided with a cam.

The anchoring system of the arm can be fixed to at least one point onthe arm or be movable along the arm. Without excluding other technicalsolutions, it can be a matter of one or several holes along the arm inwhich will be inserted an axle; it can also be a matter of a guidesystem permitting causing the arm to slide on the anchoring point of thesupport.

A system of indexing of any nature permitting placing the arm withsufficient precision (according to the requirements of the VR camera) inits rotational movement can complete the system. It can be as desiredand without restriction a system of visual indexing (graduated angularsector . . . ), mechanical (with notches, disc with a stop . . . ),electrical, electronic . . . etc . . . .

The shape of the arm or arms is of no matter to the invention. Only theshape of the arm assembly and system for securement of the apparatus isto be taken into account. The assembly should be adapted such that onecan pass with sufficient precision (according to the requirements of theobject VR photographing system), to a profile view, a regular curve nearan arc of a circle or an arc of an ellipse between each pointcorresponding to the nodal point of the objective or of the objectivesof the apparatus at the different positions in which the apparatus isdisposed in the course of the photographing sequence of the object. As aresult, the arm can also be naturally formed in the arc of a circle, thearc of an ellipse, or else be of polygonal or rectilinear form (whichlist is not exhaustive and without restriction).

The extent of the sector covered by the arm and its securement system isfree. It can be chosen to extend the arm on each side of its anchoringpoint to reduce by half the duration of photographing. One would thus ifdesired have recourse to a step of retouching the image so as to causethe elements of the system to disappear not allocated in the field ifthey are not masked by the photographed object.

What is most immediately apparent is an arm covering a sector of 90° butit could be up to 180°, for example a vertical half circle, orhorizontal half circle, or even beyond to enclose on itself.

According to the same logic of reducing the duration of photographing,for example in the case of photographed subjects incapable of holding apose (animals) the number of arms can be multiplied.

In its most common configuration, when the arm does not cover more thanthe sector of a vertical semicircle, it can be prolonged horizontally onthe other side of its anchoring point in the rotation system. Thisprolongation thus serves to provide a possible counterweight to ensurethe equilibrium of the system and to fix directly or by means of anextension arm, instruments in usage in the photographic field, forexample lights, reflectors, background screens . . . and this withoutrestriction.

Of course according to particular embodiments and particularly as afunction of its size and its shape, the arm could be of a single pieceor else comprised by several elements, if desired separately usable, andof changeable shape. For example, in the case of an arm covering asector of a semicircle, it can be separated into two and of which onlyone portion need be used so as not to cover more than a quarter circlesector.

There can be proposed a complete set of arms of different sizes and/orshapes, to be used according to the objects to be photographed,according to the number of photographic devices that it is desired touse, according to the radius of rotation, according to the angularsector which it is desired to cover or the movement sought and/or alsoaccording to other considerations, and this without restriction.

The arm assembly and system of securement of the apparatus can beprovided with an indexing system of any nature (visual, mechanical, withnotches, electrical, electronic . . . this without restriction) adaptedto facilitate the emplacement or movement of the element or elements ofthe securement system of the photographic apparatus along the arm. Themost obvious indexing system is a graduation along the arm.

The securement system for the apparatus can be comprised by one orseveral elements movable along the arm or by several elements fixed onthe arm or else by a combination of the two.

The movement of the movable element along the arm can be ensured withoutrestriction by any known technical means (sliding element, carriage . .. or simply a removable element that can be fixed at several pointsalong the arm).

The elements comprising the securement system can be flexible orarticulated so as if desired to adjust the inclination of thephotographic apparatus. They can be of different shape and lengthcorelatively to the shape of the arm. They can be particularly ofadjustable length to permit adjusting the distance of the apparatus tothe object without zoom optics.

The securement system can also be comprised by at least one oscillatingarm such as is found in use on object photographic equipment (objectrigs) that are conventional. Even if its presentation is the object of aspecific development, it is considered that such an oscillating arm is asimple variation of the system of securement of the apparatus. Thejunction of the oscillating arm and the arm is provided at at least onepoint of said arm by at least one system permitting rotation of theoscillating arm about an axis passing through a predetermined pointlocated on the virtual axis of rotation of the system. This is such thatthe combination of the rotation of the arm and that of the oscillatingarm will permit covering all of the azimuth and altitude angles definedfor a sequence of spherical photography (object VR).

The arm-oscillating arm system can be provided with an indexing systemfor the angle of inclination of the oscillating arm.

The number of securement elements used in the securement system is notlimited. It depends on the number of photographic devices that it isdesired to use simultaneously and/or on the number of angles ofinclination that are to be covered during VR photography.

The constituent elements of the securement system can be designed suchthat they can be adapted on the one hand to the positioning of theapparatus (countryside or portrait) and on the other hand to a largevariety of photographic devices in existence, by permitting adjustmentof their position. To this end, one could have recourse to any one ofthe technical solutions for adjustment in use of the material. Forexample, and without restriction, there could be an adjustable system inone or two planes, spherical joints, articulations, play adaptors . . .etc . . . .

In an additional development of the invention, the element or elementscomprising the securement system can fix two photographic devices toobtain certain photographic effects such as relief photography. Theposition indices of these devices are thus: the axis of symmetry of thetwo objectives and the center of the segment formed by the nodal pointsof the objectives.

In an additional development of the invention, at least one supportadapted to cause the arm to rest on the floor to contribute to itsstability can be used. As a function of the shape of the arm, the floorsupport will take place either with the help of an element adapted toaccompany the movement of the arm on the floor (for example a roller),or with the help of a pivot. The pivot is provided for the case of anarm covering at least one vertical semicircular sector. Such a supportcould, without excluding other technical solutions, be present in theform of a rod fixed to the arm and whose lower end is provided with aroller or with a pivot resting on the floor.

In an additional development of the invention, in the case of the use ofan arm covering at least one vertical semicircular sector, a pivotserving as a support on the floor, prolonged by an axle passing throughthe arm at its base and at its intersection with the virtual axis ofrotation of the system, arises vertically along this axis to serve as asupport for the photographed object.

In an additional development of the invention, in the case of the use ofan arm covering at least one vertical semicircular sector, which canextend up to a full circle, there can be added a support for the objectwhich is fixed or which rests relative to the vertical axis of rotationof the arm such that it can hold the photographic object on the virtualaxis of rotation of the system. This solution permits for example with asmall retouching of the photograph, showing objects suspended in theirenvironment.

In an additional development of the invention, the photographic systemcan be provided at the level of its support with a turning electricalcollector or contact. This collector is adapted to supply or to controlthe photographic apparatus and the other means used by the photographer,such as lighting devices fixed on the arm, as well as to connect ifdesired automatic control mechanisms. This collector can be providedwith as many channels as needed.

In an additional development of the invention, the system can beprovided with one or several rigid extension arms, articulated orflexible, and adapted to be fixed on the arm to hold devices in use fortaking photographs (lights, reflector panels, mirrors, etc . . . ).

In an additional development of the invention, a control system, whichcan be computerized if desired, is provided to drive the arm system inrotation.

In an additional development of the invention, a control system, whichcan be computerized if desired, is provided to cause the movements of atleast one movable element of the securement system.

In the case of a system provided with an oscillating arm, a controlsystem which if desired can be automated is provided to drive theoscillating arm.

In an additional development of the invention, a crosspiece, a bracesupport or a rolling bridge, if desirable adjustable in height, cansupport the assembly of the system. This is particularly valuable foruse outside. The photos can thus be easily retouched with the help ofgraphical software to cause the support or supports to disappear.

In an additional development of the invention, the system can be held byany movable securement device (for example: suction cups, securementhooks).

In an additional development of the invention, there can be provided apartition space about the circle traced by the movement of rotation ofthe arm such that the photographed object and its decoration can beisolated. This partitioning can serve itself as a decorative element oras a support for the decorative elements.

The details and advantages of the present invention will become betterapparent from the description which follows, given with reference to theaccompanying schematic drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a photographic system according tothe invention (cross-sectional view).

FIG. 2a shows a modified embodiment of the picture taking systemaccording to the invention.

FIG. 2b shows another modification of the picture taking system.

FIG. 3 shows a third modification of the picture taking system accordingto the invention.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth modification of the picture taking systemaccording to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a fifth modification of the system in which the arm is ofelliptical shape.

FIG. 6a shows a sixth modification of the system in which the arm is ofpolygonal shape.

FIG. 6b shows a seventh modification of the system.

FIG. 7 shows an assembly view of the system according to the inventionin its preferred embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the support with a portion of the arm ofan element of the securement system of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows a detailed view of the support of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10a shows in an enlarged view the rotatable head with the notchesor stop disc of the support of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10b shows a cross-sectional view of the rotatable head.

FIG. 10c shows schematically a disc with detents.

FIG. 11 shows a rotatable electrical collector or contact.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the arm of FIG. 7.

FIG. 13 shows a view of the anchoring system of the arm at the base ofthe support.

FIG. 14 shows a view of the arm provided with a movable securementsystem.

FIG. 15 shows a view of the arm provided with a securement systemcomprised by several elements.

FIG. 16 shows in cross-section the junction system for the sections ofthe arm.

FIG. 17a shows in cross-section an arm comprised by three sections.

FIG. 17b shows a possible modification of the shape of the arm with thehelp of sections.

FIG. 17c shows another possible modification of the shape of the armwith the help of sections.

FIG. 17d shows another possible modification of the shape of the armwith the help of sections.

FIG. 17e shows another possible modification of the shape of the armwith the help of sections.

FIG. 18 shows a plan view of the star-shaped junction permittinganchoring several arms (four in this case) to the support.

FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional view of the star-shaped junctionpermitting anchoring several arms (four in this case) to the support.

FIG. 20 shows a view in horizontal projection of the arm beyond itspoint of anchoring to the support.

FIG. 21 shows the graduation along the arm and a carriage movable with areference point.

FIG. 22 shows an arm provided with a securement system adapted to useseveral photographic devices.

FIG. 23 shows a view of a segment of the arm with a carriage on its railprovided with a system for braking the carriage.

FIG. 24 show a detailed view of an element of the securement system forthe photographic devices.

FIG. 25 shows an example of an adjustable support for the apparatus fortaking pictures.

FIG. 26a shows a photographic apparatus on its support in the outdoorposition.

FIG. 26b shows a photographic apparatus on its support in the portraitposition.

FIG. 27 shows a carriage on its rail.

FIG. 28 shows a floor support fixed on the arm by means of a carriage.

FIG. 29 shows a configuration in which the arm covers at least onesector of a vertical semicircle.

FIG. 30 shows another configuration of the arm.

FIG. 31 shows a system provided with an articulated extension arm.

FIG. 32 shows an automatic drive system for the arm.

FIG. 33 shows an automatic drive system for a carriage on its rail.

FIG. 34 shows a photographic system mounted on a movable crosspiece andadjustable in height.

FIG. 35 shows the photographic system mounted on a crosspiece andisolated from the rest of the studio by four partitions.

FIG. 36 shows an example of equipment according to the prior art, and

FIG. 37 shows another example of equipment according to the prior art.

According to a first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a securement or support1 is fixed to a ceiling or a beam 5. Here, the support is not providedwith a rotation system. On this support is anchored an arm 2 forming onthe one hand a quarter of a circle and prolonged by another parthorizontally on the other side of the support. On this prolongation 6are two counterweights 7 ensuring the balance of the system. On this armis located a securement system 3 for a photographic apparatus. Thissecurement system is constituted by an element 8 movable along the arm.In this basic arrangement, the rotation of the arm not being ensured,the object to be photographed and its environment or decoration aredisposed on a turning plate 4. The object assembly 10 and decoration isisolated from the rest of the studio by partitions 9 appearing insection. These partitions can serve as a support for the decoration orbe an integral part of the decoration.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2a, there is seen the samearrangement as that shown in FIG. 1, but here the support is providedmoreover with a rotation system 11 permitting the rotation of the armabout a virtual axis 12. This rotation system is completed by anapparatus for indexing the rotation 13. This indexing mechanism iscomprised by a graduated disc 14 fixed on the support and a referencemark in the form of an arrow 15 fixed on the turning arm. The system canthus turn about the photographed object 10 which is disposed on thefloor 16.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2b, there is seen the samearrangement as that shown in FIG. 2a but here, the securement system 3is no longer an element movable along the arm but is comprised byseveral fixed elements 17 disposed along the arm. In this case there areseven fixed elements shown. The same as in FIG. 2a, the arm has the formof an arc of a circle covering an angular sector of 90°.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the arm 2 is comprised oftwo or three sections 18 and is provided with a securement system forthe photographic apparatus, comprised by an oscillating arm 19, as isshown in the conventional equipment-objects. This oscillating arm pivotson one or two horizontal axles such that it can impart a movement ofvertical rotation to the picture taking apparatus 21 and can position itsuccessively at all the angles of inclination defined for a sequence ofVR pictures. Here, the oscillating arm is comprised by at least twoperpendicular segments such that the apparatus will be positioned suchthat its objective will be oriented toward the virtual axis of rotation12 of the arm. As is also found in conventional object equipment, theradius of rotation of the picture taking apparatus can be adjusted bysliding the sections comprising the oscillating arm relative to eachother.

FIG. 4 shows a possible embodiment with a straight arm 2. It will beseen that the securement system for the apparatus 3 is provided bysecurement tongues 22 adapted to the shape of the arm to be able to drawthe arc of a circle between the nodal points of the objectives of theapparatus. Here, the tongues are articulated so as to be able to orientthe objective of the apparatus according to requirements for the routineof VR picture taking.

FIG. 5 shows very schematically a system of picture taking according tothe invention provided with an arm 2 of elliptical shape. As in themodel provided with the straight arm shown in FIG. 4, the securementsystem could be comprised by articulated tongues permitting orientingthe apparatus as desired.

FIG. 6a shows very schematically a system for picture taking accordingto the invention provided with an arm 2 of polygonal shape. Here theelements of the securement system will be disposed at the center of thesegments.

FIG. 6b shows a system for picture taking according to the inventionprovided with an arm 2 of changeable polygonal shape. This arm iscomprised by several segments fixed to each other and sliding on eachother. Thus by causing them to slide, one can modify the radius of thevirtual circle covered by the arm.

The preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention isshown in an assembly view of FIG. 7 and is described in detail in thefollowing figures.

The support 1 is articulated and is fixed to a guidance system 25. Theguidance system is comprised by a carriage 26 movable on a rail 27. Therail is fixed to a beam. Here, the beam is a tubular beam of trelliswork.

At the lower end of the support is located a rotation system 11. Thisrotation system is provided with the help of a rotatable head withnotches provided with detent discs, such as can be found on thepanoramic heads used in photography. This rotative head is comprised bya fixed element 28 graduated in degrees and a movable element 29provided with an indicator.

Below the rotatable head, fixed to the movable part, is located aturning electric contact 30 (or collector) permitting supplying andconnecting the apparatus fixed on the arm.

At the base of the support is located an anchoring system for the arm31. This anchoring system for the arm is comprised by a guidance system32. This guidance system is comprised by an anchoring carriage 33 fixedto the base of the support and a rail 34 running over the upper portionof the arm.

On the support will be anchored an arm 2. Here the arm is bent tocircular shape. It is disassembleable and modulable. In this case thereare three sections. A first section 35 covers a sector a bit more than aquarter of a circle. A second sector 36 prolongs this circular portiondownwardly. A third sector prolongs the arm horizontally from the otherside of its anchoring point along the support to form the prolongation6.

There is a guidance system 32 on the upper portion of the arm and aguidance system 38 on the lower portion of the arm. The guidance system32 on the upper portion is that which contributes also to the anchoringsystem of the arm. It is comprised by a rail 34 and moreover by theanchoring carriage, by one or several upper securement carriages 39.

The guidance system 38 on the lower portion of the arm is comprised by arail 40 and one or several lower securement carriages 41. It is to benoted that these two guidance systems can be if desired disposed on thesides of the arm (as a function of the orientation of the curve of therails).

The lower guidance system serves as a securement system 3 for thephotographic apparatus. Each element of the securement system iscomprised by a lower carriage 41 movable along the arm and is providedwith a tongue 42 and a support 43 for the picture taking apparatus.

Along the arm, there is located a graduation 50 in degrees such that onecan place with sufficient precision the carriages and as a result thephotographic apparatus on the arm. The carriages carry a markerpermitting adjusting their position relative to the graduation.

In the configuration as shown in FIG. 7, four carriages serve to fix theextension arms 44. These extension arms are adapted to carry the devicesused in photography. For example a light 45 and a reflector 46.

On the horizontal prolongation of the arm 6 is located a lower carriageprovided with a counterweight 47 adapted to ensure the balancing of thesystem. At the point of intersection between the arm and its verticaltangent is located a carriage on which is fixed a support 37 to thefloor serving also to contribute to the stability and the equilibrium ofthe system. This support on the floor is constituted by a rod 48adjustable in height and at the lower end of which is located a roller49 in contact with the floor 16.

FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the support 3. The latter is fixed to aguidance system 25 disposed along a tubular trellis beam 5. Thisguidance system is comprised by a carriage 26 movable along a rail 27.Here, the support is a hydraulic articulated arm 54 which permitsadjusting the position of the system from a distance. At the junction ofthe articulated arm with the securement carriage on the beam 26 islocated a rotation system 51 which can be blocked with a locking knob52. Similarly at the lower end of the articulated arm is located anarticulation 55 permitting giving an inclination to the arm. The objectof this mounting on the carriage with a rotation and articulation systemis to obtain the maximum flexibility in the positioning and use of thesystem.

There are seen the rotatable head 53, the turning contact 30 and theanchoring carriage for the arm 33.

FIG. 9 shows the articulated arm 54 which constitutes the supportoperated by jacks 56.

FIG. 10a shows the rotatable head 53 with a notch. The latter iscomprised of an upper element fixed on the support 28 and a movableturning element 29. The disc with the detent 60 separates the twoelements. FIG. 10b shows by way of example a cross-sectional view of therotatable head. On the upper portion, there is seen the fixed element 28connected to the axle and on the lower portion the turning element 29. Aball 61 subject to a vertical pressure of a spring 62 comes to rest innotches 63 provided on the stop disc 60. The rotatable head thus offersresistance each time the turning element has made one rotationdetermined by the distance between the notches on the disc with a detentsuch as is schematically shown in FIG. 10c. Of course, there could beprovided a set of compatible discs to be able to choose the successiveangle of rotation.

FIG. 11 shows a possible system for turning contact 30. Here it is amatter of a turning contact with three tracks 64. Three brushes 63 aredisposed on the axle of rotation 67 of the system. The axle of rotationis hollow such that three supply wires 66 can supply the brushes frominside the axle. On the turning contact is inserted a plug 68 adapted tosupply the electrical equipment on the axle. This turning contact is acontact with three tracks, but there can be imagined contacts turningwith as many tracks as necessary both for electrical supply of theequipment and for the transfer of computer information for example.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the arm 2. Here, the arm is atubular arm of square cross-section for reasons of ease of illustration.But the section could be of any other nature, the arms of circularcross-section are easier to bend. On the lower and upper portions of thearm are shown in cross-section the guide systems. These guide systemsare comprised by rails 34 and 40 on which slide the carriages (in brokenline) 39 and 41. As indicated, the guidance systems could as well befixed on the sides of the arms, this is a function of the shape of thebend of the rails. (This is a solution that could be preferred becauseby placing the guidance system on the sides of the arms, one could usetwo identical guidance systems with interchangeable carriages.) Here,the carriages are shown as simple sliding elements, but as a function ofthe definition of the guidance system used, there could be carriagesmounted on balls, rollers or needle bearings . . . .

FIG. 13 shows the anchoring of the arm 2 on the support 1 by means of ananchoring carriage 33 fixed to the support. There is also seen asecurement carriage 39 disposed on the upper rail 34 and a securementcarriage 41 disposed on the lower rail 40. Beyond these picture takingdevices, one could fix on this securement carriage all manner ofapparatus useful in photography as well as extension arms. The two areprovided with a standard securement system, here a flat region 57 thatcan receive screws 58. There can also be imagined a system of clips. Allthe extensions of the system adapted to be fixed to the carriage areprovided with a standard corresponding securement 59.

FIG. 14 shows an arm 2 provided with a securement system 3 comprised bya single carriage 41 movable on the lower rail 40. This type ofconfiguration is adapted for taking pictures with a single apparatus.The carriage is moved along the arm for each angle of inclination duringthe picture taking sequence.

FIG. 15 shows an arm 2 provided with a securement system 3 comprised ofseveral carriages 41 on the lower rail 40. This arrangement isapplicable to a sequence of picture taking with several devices. Herethe carriages have been emplaced on the rail and are not adapted to bemoved during the picture taking sequence (except for trying forparticular effects).

FIG. 16 shows in cross-section the juncture system of the sections 71comprising the arm 2. The junction is made with the help of a malesleeve 69 matching the curvature of the arm and inserted in tubularsegments which comprise the arm. The assembly is held by locking knobs70. (There can also be preferred arm sections having a male sleeve sideand a female sleeve side.)

There is seen in FIG. 17a how the sleeve 69 matches the curvature of thearm to ensure the juncture of the sections 71 which comprise it. Thusthe shape of the sector covered by the arm is adjustable with the helpof sections. In FIG. 17a, a section prolongs the horizontal arm beyondits point of anchoring on the support to form the horizontalprolongation 6 and a smaller section 72 prolongs the arm at its base toextend the angular sector covered by the arm. (It is to be noted thatthe sleeve which ensures contact between the horizontal section and thecurved portion of the arm must take into account the correction ofcurvature to ensure a suitable juncture.) FIGS. 17b, 17 c, 17 d and 17 eshow various examples of shapes which the arm can have with the help ofthe adjustable system of sections.

In FIG. 18, there is seen a view from above of a star-shaped junctionwith four arms 73. This system will ensleeve four radial arms seen incross-section at 2. There are distinguished the four male sleeves 74which prolong the star-shaped junction 2. At the summit of the anchoringsystem of star shape is located an upper rail 75 on which will be fixedthe anchoring carriage of the support. FIG. 19 shows the same systemseen in profile cross-section. There is seen the support 1, theanchoring carriage for the support 26, the anchoring system in starshape 73, the upper rail of the anchoring system 75, the male sleeves 74and the arms 2 seen in cross-section.

FIG. 20 shows in detail the prolongation 6 of the arm 2 beyond the pointof anchoring provided with a movable carriage carrying a counterweight47. By moving the carriage along the prolongation, the equilibrium ofthe system can be adjusted.

FIG. 21 shows the graduation on the arm 50. It is preferred to graduatethe arm in degrees. There is seen at the center of the carriage theindex mark 76 permitting adjusting the position of the carriage relativeto the graduation on the arm. Here, it is a matter of a carriage forsecurement of the picture taking apparatus provided with a tongue 77oriented toward the center of the circle matched by the curved arm.

In FIG. 22 is shown a system for securement of picture taking apparatus3 that can comprise as many securement carriages 41 as necessary for theflexibility sought during VR editing. For good editing conditions, thereis provided a mark every ten degrees, as a result, for takingsimultaneous pictures, there could be provided ten carriages to cover anangular sector of 90°.

FIG. 24 shows in detail an element of the system for securing theapparatus. This system is comprised by a securement carriage 41 disposedon the lower rail 40 of the arm 2. From this carriage extends a tongue77 in the radius of the circle matched by the arm. (Here this tongue isshown with an articulation, this articulation is facultative, it can beuseful to take pictures of elliptical shape. One can thus adjust theorientation of the objectives of the apparatus. Similarly, it will beprovided in the case in which the arm itself is not of circular shape.)

At the end of this tongue is located a securement screw 79 on which isfixed an angled support 80 to support the picture taking apparatus. Theapparatus is itself fixed on the angle member with the help of astandard screw 81. The angle member is shown in perspective in FIG. 25.There are seen two slots 80 permitting adjustment of the position of theapparatus along two axes. Moreover, the angle member can pivot on asecurement screw 79 such that the apparatus can freely be disposed inportrait position or landscape position. This is shown by FIG. 26a inwhich the apparatus is in landscape position and 26 b in which theapparatus is in portrait position.

FIG. 27 show a declination of the securement system for the apparatus,comprising two parallel tongues 82 on each side of the arm 2 projectingalong the radius of the circle matched by the arm, fixed on the carriage41. This configuration permits fixing two devices for possible picturetaking in relief.

FIG. 28 shows in detail the support system on the floor 37 of the arm.The latter is fixed to the arm by a securement carriage 39 disposed onthe upper rail 34. The support is comprised by a rod 48 at the end ofwhich is located a roller 49. This rod is adjustable in height bysliding in a guide 83 fixed to the carriage by means of an articulation84. A locking screw 85 permits immobilizing the rod in its guide.

FIG. 29 shows a configuration in which the arm 2 covers at least avertical semicircle. Here the support on the floor can be a pivot 86.This pivot could be prolonged vertically by an axle 87 passing throughthe arm at its base and at its intersection with a virtual axis ofrotation of the system 88 to serve as an object support (objectsymbolized by the mass 10). As a result, the section used at the base ofthe arm will be pierced to let pass the vertical axle serving as asupport. This type of arrangement can serve for example to presentobjects in suspension in their environment with little retouching of theimage.

FIG. 30 shows another type of possible object support (object symbolizedby the mass 10). Here, the support 89 is disposed offset from the axisof rotation of the system. The arm 2 is not totally enclosed on itselfto let the support pass.

In FIG. 31 is seen securement carriages 39 and 41 disposed on the upperand lower rail provided with extension arm 44. At their base is locateda securement system provided with a rotary joint 90.

These extension arms are arms articulated with the help of rotary joints91. They serve to hold in position with great flexibility the variousdevices used for photography.

According to the development of the system shown in FIG. 32, therotation of the arm 2 on the support 1 is ensured by a control system 92comprised by two rollers 93 and a belt 94. A first roller is fixed tothe support axle and the other is driven by a motor 95. This automaticcontrol system for the system of picture taking can be controlled byelectronic and computer means.

According to the development of the system shown in FIG. 33, themovement of at least one securement carriage is ensured by a controlsystem 96. This control system is integrated with the carriage, it iscomprised by a roller 97 in contact with the rail 40. This roller isdriven by gearing 98 moved by a motor 99 disposed on the carriage. Onecould for example develop this principle by using a notched wheel in theplace of the roller and by selecting a rail in the form of a rack. Thissystem has real interest only in the use of a single apparatus forpicture taking, except in the case in which particular effects aresought. Also, a single carriage provided thusly can suffice for normaluse of the system. If it is desired further to improve the system, arail could be provided having electrical tracks to supply and controlthe carriage.

The development of the system shown in FIG. 34 shows the assembly of thesystem held on a movable crosspiece 100 that is adjustable as to height.There will be used for example a scenery crosspiece. It is a crossbeamhere, but it could also as well be a beam or a rolling bridge. Thecrosspiece has the advantage of having but one pillar which isappreciable for taking outside pictures, thereby correspondinglyreducing the work of retouching the image to delete the pillars.

The development of the system shown in FIG. 35 shows schematically acomplete studio for taking pictures according to the invention. Thepicture taking system is fixed to a crosspiece 100 and is isolated fromthe rest of the studio by partitions 101. Thus the object can be placedin its decoration isolated from the rest of the studio. Here thepartitions are straight, but they can be given any shape and dimensiondesired. For certain work in which care must be taken of the lighting,partitions of circular shape could be selected.

What is claimed is:
 1. Device for taking spherical pictures of a scenecomprising a support provided with securement means for picture takingapparatus, this support being adapted for movements in relative rotationabout a substantially vertical axis relative to the photographed scene,the securement means being movable in rotation relative to asubstantially horizontal axis, the device for taking spherical picturesfurther comprising suspension means permitting suspending the device fortaking spherical pictures above the scene to be photographed, thesupport having a carrying arm having a counterweight balancing thecarrying arm relative to the suspension means.
 2. Device for takingspherical pictures according to claim 1, further comprising astar-shaped junction that carries several support arms.
 3. Device fortaking spherical pictures according to claim 1, further comprising anextension arm adapted to carry the devices used in photography. 4.Device for taking spherical pictures according to claim 1, wherein thesupport comprises plural disassembleable and modulable sections. 5.Device according to claim 1, wherein the securement means are mounted onan arm oscillating about a substantially horizontal axis, this arm beingmounted on the support.
 6. Device according to claim 1, wherein thesuspension means are provided with means for varying at least one of theheight and inclination of the device.
 7. Device for the production ofspherical pictures of a scene, comprising a support provided withsecurement means for several picture taking devices, the picture takingdevices being adapted all to be oriented toward a point of the scene tobe photographed and the support being adapted to move in relativerotation about a substantially vertical axis relative to thephotographed scene, the device for the production of spherical picturesfurther comprising suspension means permitting suspending the device fortaking spherical pictures above the scene to be photographed, thesupport having a carrying arm having a counterweight balancing thecarrying arm relative to the suspension means.
 8. Device for takingspherical pictures according to claim 7, further comprising astar-shaped junction that carries several support arms.
 9. Device fortaking spherical pictures according to claim 7, wherein the supportcomprises a prolongation on the side opposite to the side supporting thepicture taking apparatus.
 10. Device for taking spherical picturesaccording to claim 7, further comprising an extension arm adapted tocarry the devices used in photography.
 11. Device for taking sphericalpictures according to claim 7, wherein the support comprises pluraldisassembleable and modulable sections.
 12. Device according to claim 7,wherein the securement means are mounted on an arm oscillating about asubstantially horizontal axis, this arm being mounted on the support.13. Device according to claim 7, wherein the suspension means areprovided with means for varying at least one of the height andinclination of the device.
 14. Device for taking spherical pictures of ascene comprising a first support provided with securement means forpicture taking apparatus, this first support being adapted for movementsin relative rotation about a substantially vertical axis relative to thephotographed scene, the securement means being movable in rotationrelative to a substantially horizontal axis, the device for takingspherical pictures further comprising suspension means permittingsuspending the device for taking spherical pictures above the scene tobe photographed, the first support connected to a second support actingon the floor.
 15. Device for taking spherical pictures according toclaim 14, further comprising a star-shaped junction that carries severalsupport arms.
 16. Device for taking spherical pictures according toclaim 14, further comprising an extension arm adapted to carry thedevices used in photography.
 17. Device for taking spherical picturesaccording to claim 14, wherein the first support comprises pluraldisassembleable and modulable sections.
 18. Device according to claim14, wherein the securement means are mounted on an arm oscillating abouta substantially horizontal axis, this arm being mounted on the support.19. Device according to claim 14, wherein the suspension means areprovided with means for varying the height and/or inclination of thedevice.
 20. Device for the production of spherical pictures of a scene,comprising a first support provided with securement means for severalpicture taking devices, the picture taking devices being adapted all tobe oriented toward a point of the scene to be photographed and thesupport being adapted to move in relative rotation about a substantiallyvertical axis relative to the photographed scene, the device for theproduction of spherical pictures further comprising suspension meanspermitting suspending the device for taking spherical pictures above thescene to be photographed, the first support connected to a secondsupport acting on the floor.
 21. Device for taking spherical picturesaccording to claim 20, further comprising a star-shaped junction thatcarries several support arms.
 22. Device for taking spherical picturesaccording to claim 20, wherein the first support comprises aprolongation on the side opposite to the side supporting the picturetaking apparatus.
 23. Device for taking spherical pictures according toclaim 20, further comprising an extension arm adapted to carry thedevices used in photography.
 24. Device for taking spherical picturesaccording to claim 20, wherein the first support comprises pluraldisassembleable and modulable sections.
 25. Device according to claim20, wherein the securement means are mounted on an arm oscillating abouta substantially horizontal axis, this arm being mounted on the support.26. Device according to claim 20, wherein the suspension means areprovided with means for varying at least one of the height andinclination of the device.